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10d10

PRESS RELEASE

BOOK PRESENTATION : "10d10" THE GOOD, THE BEST

Day: Monday, December 13, 2010

Held Regulatory Board of Denomination of Origin Valencia C / Quart, 22 - Valencia

" 10d10 - The Good, the Better" is the fourth book journalist and food critic, Paco Alonso, writes for Cadena SER

On this occasion ng the book is about some of the most important products in the gastronomy of the Valencian Community.

have been selected and composite dishes full of tradition. Some of them unknown to most of Valencia: L'espardenya, COCAS recapte, Olleta ... are on the menu.

are also the fruits of the garden and the sea's most emblematic: Authentic Clotxina of the trays in the Port of Valencia ... That Denia prawns, delicious and inexplicably expensive. The law of supply and demand is inevitable with so scarce. Neither has lost the opportunity to taste the real tomato Valencian, garrofó and other delicacies from indigenous agriculture, it was not for the generous initiative of the rural people, we would lost long ago. Globalization has come to agriculture ... And how!. Hence this book seeks to value the product of tradition.

Another challenge proposed by this work is to raise to the altars and normal daily life. Being close and regular, the Paella , Fideuà , or All-i-pebre no why stop being wonderful. They are true works of culinary engineering, are stews product of experience accumulated over generations. We are what we eat, and if we eat well ... we will be better. Therefore, we must keep our eating habits and fight for local produce that has underpinned the diet of the most important civilizations in the history of mankind. How curious ... Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans ... were all bordering on the Mediterranean peoples.

But for everything to be perfect can not miss wine.

" 10d10 - The Good, the Better" Marida our wines with the most representative dishes of the cuisine of Valencia. Is something very simple, but nobody had happened so far, do not miss the opportunity to harness the best in the history of Valencian wine. We make great wines ... and the best are in "10d10 - The Good, the Better" . Those who have achieved global recognition and projection. The critics have raised to the altars. Wineries marking the path of good work in viticulture Valencia.

" 10d10 - The Good, the Better" also presents a selection of restaurants and cafes. Grouped first by their level of excellence, second under a criterion called "CCC" flirty - Kind - restrained. These three epithets say it all.

Third, a simple mathematical formula: VxV = V2 gives the parameters of the premises where they feel a real reverence for the wine.

Not forgetting a select group of unpublished and groundbreaking restaurants, worthy of attention. Those listed in this section are well worth a visit. If you like emotions.

" 10d10 - The Good, the Better" just with currently completing all the great food and Dinner: With a superb Gin and Tonic. Prepared, that if, by the most successful bartender Valencia, Ivan Talens. In this chapter fashionable drink, offers a selection of the best gin, tonic, ways of preparing the PERFECT TONIC GIN.

A again, and for the fourth consecutive year Paco Alonso has been commissioned by Radio Valencia to continue searching from the good, better, with a single purpose, to the most delicious and suggestive at your loyal listeners.

BOOKS

- "10d10" From the Good, the better "Posted by Cadena SER.

November 2010 - "Wine Valencian-In the good, the best" Posted by Cadena SER.

November 2009 - "The New Challenge, Mediterranean cuisine" Posted by Cadena SER.

April 2008 - "Anniversary Rice." Posted by Cadena SER.

May 2007 - "Bon Profit! Valencian cuisine today. " Edited by Federico Doménech SA 2004

- "Guide to wines and wineries of the Valencian Community" . Edited by G-85. Valencia. 2002

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Interview with Antonio Damasio in El Pais

We reproduce an interview that appeared last Sunday in the Country to Antonio Damasio, MD, neurologist of Portuguese origin, author of one of the most interesting books on neuroscience "Descartes' Error."

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Brain Wizard
LUIS MIGUEL ARIZA 07/11/2010

On 13 September 1848, the foreman Phineas Gage, a handsome young man with dark hair and features of the model, incredibly survived a terrible accident. Had 25 years and one day he worked in the construction of a railroad in Cavendish, Vermont (United States). Their task was dangerous. I had to level the playing field, for which the workers drilled holes in the rock, stuffed with gunpowder and covered with sand. Gage selected holes to plant the explosives and the wick, and used a long iron rod to compact the mixture of sand and powder. Maybe he heard something that distracted him momentarily, but the fact is that they stuck his stick into the next hole before you fill his assistant Sandy. The spark caused an explosion and consequently the iron bar out of his hands fulminant. The missile, three inches thick and 109 long, entered under his left cheek, tore his brain like butter and escaped through the top of the skull. Gage fell struck down, as the rod that had pierced his head fell more than twenty yards behind him. His aides, horrified, thought he had died instantly. Were amazed when they found that the man regained consciousness and talked to them! Managed to walk leaning on them, and was transported in a bullock cart to your home. Witnesses recounted that Gage got out without help.

The first practitioner was horrified to see him, was stunned when the young man bored with his head calmly said that "now would have enough work." His personal physician, John Harlow, cut the bleeding one hour after and saved his life. Gage, a responsible young man, intelligent and socially well adapted, would recover within a few months. He could walk and fend for himself and kept his mind intact. He spoke without difficulty, and learning ability was unchanged. Nor had problems with memory. People whispered the word miracle around. It was an illusion. Something changed. To be a responsible man and appreciated, it became a subject irreverent, capricious, irresponsible and without honor, unable to carry out their plans. Gage lost his job and end up falling into the lowest, becoming for a time on a fairground ride of the entrepreneur PT Barnum, who ran a museum of human curiosities in New York. Never would follow the iron bar that made him famous, but would die years later from epileptic seizures and indifference.

Eight years after his death, Dr. Harlow suggested that the bar had destroyed parts of the cerebral cortex located in the left frontal lobe, which could explain the change in Gage's personality, a man caught between its cold intellectual faculties and animal propensities. " It was a revolutionary idea about how the brain handles higher aspects of human personality, but went unnoticed. Century and a half later, in 1994, the scientist Antonio Damasio published a critical article in the journal Science, which reconstructs the exact path of the rod through the skull and brain of Gage on a computer three-dimensional recreation. Damasio showed that damage to these prefrontal cortex areas were responsible for the management of emotions and decision-making process. These damages accurately explain the profound change of character of Gage, the most famous patient neurology.

Damasio (Lisbon, 1944) is a neuroscientist that has revolutionized the study of the brain basis of emotions in the last thirty years. Arguably one of the most neuroscientists global in a globalized world, with a humanistic education he is proud. Espinoza feels devotion and Descartes, thinkers faced "the first said that matter itself was divine, while the latter invented the dualism between body and soul," and admires Shakespeare. The human brain is a mystery within the other, consisting of 100,000 million neurons, and Damasio thinks, unlike many of his colleagues, which has always been the forest, not trees, that counts. There's something about the dignity of living beings and the man who prevents think we are ultimately the result of a set of biochemical reactions between neurons sophisticated they are. The brain, he says, is more than the sum of all parties, a mirror that reflects not only our individuality, it should be a society or even the whole humanity. Conclusions are reached Damasio after becoming the pioneer twentieth century's most important emotional research. "A big part of my work has been to make the study of feelings in anything scientific that allows us to better understand human behavior," he explains.

A little less than a quarter century, when the investigation of the brain was immersed in absolute rationalism, scientific study a sense, the proposal of Damasio, could lift more a polite smile. Now, emotions and brain basis symposia and research attracts like a magnet. The renowned researcher Kerry Ressler, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland (USA), no doubt Damasio qualify as "a leader who reflects the global picture in neuroscience to offer an understanding of how complex functions arise", as related to Country Weekly by email.

Damasio speaks softly, gently. Because someone does not seem to get angry, but not be trusted. The day dawns covered with threatening storm clouds. Damasio has gone to Barcelona to present his latest book, and the brain created man (Target). Salta the view that the promotional interviews he tired, but happily slide after the first hour of conversation, trying to find out why things irritate you. At the end of the day, feeling upset about something is one of the most common human emotions. "There are a few things. Dinner at a restaurant and someone will ring the mobile phone, the sound. People are increasingly using mobile phones, and seem idiots talking to themselves while walking on the street. ... It is so unnecessary ago ten years, people had no children and lived happily. We do it simply because we have the gadget. There are companies that are doing a lot of money. And it gets worse. Some airlines already allow cell phone use on airplanes. You're flying, and air also bear the noise of the engines, you have to hear people arguing with his mother about the problems with the children. "

The chatter is what most upsets one of the teachers human emotions, which has moved his studio from the philosophical-a tradition of centuries of neuroscience, showing how we are moved on the screens of the scanners, and tracking the brain circuits behind. It was precisely the study of injuries Neurological and how they affect the behavior of patients, including loss language for damage to the left temporal lobe, which found the scientist Paul Broca eight years after the death of Gage-that led to Damasio and his wife, Hanna, to systematically build a database of patients with late seventies at the University of Iowa "We needed a method to acquire information. One of them was the study of neurological injury in patients." Then in the next two decades, and new brain-imaging the PET scanner or fMRI, fabulous windows, fully functioning brain, Damasio and his wife could track the brains of healthy volunteers and making comparisons, researching the language, memory, visual perception, and how the brain acted when I had to make a decision. It was here when they discovered the tremendous importance of emotions.

How did it happen? There was one patient in particular took a very obvious very wrong decision after suffering a frontal lobe damage. But he was very intelligent, had much knowledge. His memory and language were normal. Except that their emocionesno were normal. So that gave me the idea that these abnormal emotions could play a role in their decisions.

How behaved that sick? Talked with him and could feel it was very smart. But out of the conversation was crazy, how to invest their money in businesses that obviously is going to collapse, or get very strange with his wife. When it came to act in real life, took the wrong decision. What is easy for us took him an eternity. Did not feel that hunch that says: "I like it." Going to a restaurant, you see and think, agree. This patient and many others saw things. Lost in questions like "is a good menu? Is it good value? How good is the relationship between the menu and the price? How far is the restaurant? Is full? Empty? Why is it empty? If it is, is good because you always have room. But if it is empty, because the restaurant is not good ... it's an endless process of discussion. His damages were located in a region called the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, where emotions and intellectual processes interact.

You have shattered the cliché that to make the right decisions have to put emotions aside. The logic of Dr. Spock in the series 'Star Trek'. If I have to fire someone, you must be cold. Or a business decision, be careful what you feel. Do not be affected. Business need of emotions to make the right decisions. If you have to lay off employees, you know what is the logic and emotion that drives you to do so, and when you can not be sentimental. They are emotional and intellectual processes. It is true that there are certain emotions that should be hidden. In the Exchange from time to time there is a stock market crash, an excess of fear that makes you retire from the market. And it's not smart. If you are less fearful and cope, you will benefit when the market recovers. If you control the fear, you can make advantageous decisions. But if you feel no fear, no way of knowing when to stop. And it may come a time where you have to withdraw from the market, but do not have that possibility. It is true that the best not to feel anything. But there are certain emotions in the short term it is better not to have, as excess fear. According

. Can we educate our emotional response even arise so visceral? To some extent, yes. You can not learn to move you to be sad, happy, compassionate, all that is already in the brain. But the degree to which those emotions are expressed can be educated, learn to modulate.


Give an example. If you're afraid of flying, you can go to a school that has a flight simulator in which you are exposed to turbulence, take offs and landings ... and if you understand what happens, learn to desensitize these emotions to a certain extent .


If we can modulate our emotional response, do you think is an achievement that distinguishes us from animals? Definitely. There are very intelligent animals who can not modulate their emotions. Modulation of human emotion is a product of culture. Is a consequence of consciousness. A good example is violence. In Western society, we are now less violent than sixty years ago or five centuries. The control of violence is the result of modulation of emotions.


Worldwide, tens of armed conflict and the news we are inundated with violence. Yes, but there is no doubt that there was more violence at the time of Henry VIII today. And our tolerance of violence is falling. In all Western countries, domestic violence was accepted, but now is not tolerated. In terms of sexual orientation or race, try to accept people different from others. It is a cultural phenomenon, but it requires emotional control. Difference is always creates aggression, but you can control it.


You commented that societal self-regulation mimics the work done by the brain to keep us alive. Called cultural homeostasis. There are two levels. One regulates the heartbeat, blood circulation, blood pressure, immunity, digestion, hormonal system ... and we can not interfere. Homeostasis keeps us from being too hot or too cold. It gives us the feeling of hunger, so that soon we will want to take lunch instead of talk, or thirst. Is given by the genes. Our consciousness has nothing to do. The other is social homeostasis, we can have justice, prosperity, economic, political parties, medicine and technology. Without awareness, we could never have created the social homeostasis. We would have no culture. For this you need to know. And be aware. Conscience lets us know, and for the most extreme culture gives us, that we as human beings better. And everything depends on certain parts of the brain working together. Some are in the cerebral cortex, while others are below it.

jealously hides Brain its mysteries. When altering the circuits that control movement, Parkinson's tremors occur. If the reports are destroyed catastrophically, the erasing end Alzheimer personality. Depression sinks and we do not know why, but there is a cause in the brain. Schizophrenia, where dreams become delusions that invade the everyday, is a reality created by the brain. There is also a vicious brain seeks pleasure and vibrates with the reward, whose study discovers why a person hooked on drugs "can not control the impulse to them even when he confesses that no longer produce pleasure," according to Nora Volkow, National Institute on Drug Abuse United States stated in the agenda of U.S. journalist Charlie Rose.

A brain cortex displayed millimeter represented as maps of the senses. And a brain that, suitably excited, we thought rescues forgotten. In the middle of last century, the neurologist Wilder Penfield was astonished when, by stimulating the temporal lobe area of \u200b\u200bone of his patients with epilepsy, evoked in his mind the song her mother sang to him for Christmas. The brain is also aggressive. In a more recent study on teens, psychologist Nicholas Allen, University of Melbourne, Australia, found that boys who argued with much more vehemently with his parents in controlled sessions clearly had larger tonsils according to the scanner (the tonsils are almond-shaped structures and are located beneath the cortex). There is an intellectual brain. "In parts of the brain that we understand the complex language that allows us to operate at a higher social status and transmit skills and education, is the difference between us as humans," says Kerry Ressler. And a moral brain, with room for feelings of pity, admiration and shame. "The Commandments are not carved in stone, with reference to the tables of the law of Moses, but in the gelatinous mass which is the brain," says Professor Francisco Rubio, director of the Multidisciplinary Institute of the Complutense University and a member of the Royal Academy of Medicine. Morality and emotions appear to be related. And the likely geography Blonde says, the cerebral cortex ventromedial prefrontal region, ie the womb through the forehead.

emotions and reason form an alliance. Damasio and his colleagues examined the responses of six people whose brain scans appeared to damage in these brain regions because of a tumor or stroke. Would you be able to throw someone overboard to save himself or others? Would you sacrifice an innocent, a hostage, in order to save your life or that of others? What would be your reaction? The idea of \u200b\u200bkilling an innocent cause disgust. But those six people did not feel compassion, according to the analysis of their responses, as recorded by the study published by Nature three years ago. Were freed of any emotional impact when making a rational decision.

Damasio says that, under normal conditions, humans have two ways of working, or are connected online and we were excited by what we see and hear at the time, or disconnected (offline) when a memory and put rescue then that memory on position along with the associated emotion. To remember the death of a loved one, the memory brings the pain. To understand how to operate these modes, I suggest a game. What would happen if, while we talk, someone free on the table between us a black mamba, the most poisonous snake in Africa? "Your brain perceives the object that will cause excitement. It is an object emotional competence, and will occur automatically, without interference of your own consciousness, a series of reactions.'re Going to change position, to be alarmed at experience changes in the face. The rhythm of your heart racing. There are changes in your guts. Your skin pale. Or you get paralyzed, or run. depend on the circumstances. In your bloodstream cortisol is pumped to mobilize a large amount of energy and running. The brain does it automatically, you can not interfere. And you realize what's going to stay or run stone for fear of the snake. Everything happens very quickly, in less than a hundred milliseconds.


why can not predict whether a stampede leave or not. Right. If you were a soldier with combat training, would be easier to choose stand still or flee. You have brought the system to one or the other. Frankly, if we had here a snake, I have no idea what would happen to me. I've never had the experience, I do not know if I stay still or not. I hope run!

Have you ever found in a very dangerous situation? Once, on a plane I thought I was going to crash. It was thirty years ago. He was tied to my seat and very scared. But I could not do anything, with my seat belt fastened, and the plane doing all these things so much fun ... everyone was convinced that it would crash.

insists in his book to distinguish what is an emotion of feeling. Emotion is a program of actions. The human nervous system, or nervous system, is involved in a series of actions to protect themselves. Either by the defense against the threat, or providing an opportunity for food or sex. Prevents death and do things beneficial. Then there is the reading of that action. When you perceive what is happening in your body when you have that emotion, then there is the feeling. Excite is acting. Feeling is perceiving. Two are related. An emotion in general is a feeling, but refers to the action, while the sentiment is the perception of that action.


Is there any place in the geography of our brain that tells us if we have wood hero or villain? Well, that would be science fiction. Is too complex. There are parts of the brain that process aspects of emotions in a very automatic, and others where you perceive what is happening. And then there are all the knowledge you have acquired, our conversation, it will not by automatic systems. We have built an entire culture. You and I have some ideas about what should be a hero or a coward. And you know how to use that knowledge to, or control your behavior and decide something independent of the automatic mechanism, or just think you do not want to be a hero and I'm going to sit still to save his life. All these things are intended to post. What I tell my readers is that one can not understand consciousness based on a single situation. Human behavior is organized into layers. When we do something, or somebody does something, each layer sends a stronger, some of which we are aware and others not. Is a chain of responses and reviews.


what our brain rather than a reading of all these emotions? Twenty years ago I proposed, the insula or insular cortex (a structure beneath the rift that separates the frontal and temporal lobe), which today is one of the most observed. The island produces a portrait of any emotion that assaults the body. Another more recent, of which not much has been said, is the brain stem. This is where you made the portraits of the most primal feelings. And whatever happens there is redrawn in the cortex brain.


How would you define consciousness? It is what allows one to realize oneself and others. Depends on the mind and conscious process. It is very important and complex human beings. It involves language, memory.


Can we speak of a geography of consciousness? I like that suggestion. Even raised me to title the book. If you destroy the back of the brain stem in humans, destroy consciousness. You go into a vegetative state from which you may never recover. It is a very important part of the brain that produces consciousness. If you miss some parts of the brain, or certain parts of the cerebral cortex and the middle crust later, you will lose consciousness. Are very important to build a sense of self, of being conscious of self autobiographical.


And the moral? The shame, admiration, or guilt. All are located in the prefrontal cortex. Feelings such as compassion or admiration, connected to the brain stem produce such emotions. Damasio

researching at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles (United States) along with his wife, Hanna, whom he met when he was studying in Portugal. On the campus of the University stands, since 2006, the Brain and Creativity Institute (in English, Brain and Creativity Institute), where, armed with sophisticated technology to visualize the brain in full operation, is trying to locate the processing of emotions and other functions. Many wanted to see in a computer brain wet, from the years of the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) as Marvin Minsky, in the fifties. Roboticists as Hans Moravec emotional machines still betting that someday surpass the human brain. To Ressler, the analogy with the computer is "limited, but reasonable. There are similarities in how we store memories and how they are stored in a computer. At the molecular level, both use a physical process." Of course, there are differences in the way neurons communicate and how they think silicon processors. For Professor Blonde, "is likely one day we can replicate the human brain into a machine, do not put gates to the field." But the obstacles are not insignificant: to simulate emotions and how these affect rational thinking, which "not yet well known, and design a machine capable of changing its connections with experience, as well as networks of neurons rearranged over time. Damasio, however, is more skeptical. "If you ask me if the brain does calculations, I will say yes. But it's like a digital computer?" No ". Either in its construction, or the way they work, he said. There are too many differences. The ultimate test of a bow by artificial intelligence would be the construction of machines in the future capable of believing in a god. At the end of the day, is not a religious experience purely cerebral, I ask to Damasio.

How to explain the fact that 93% of humanity has any belief? The construction of religions is one of the most important creative acts of human beings, in response to situations of suffering and pain, to get relief, and to explain the universe as a beautiful creation. It is not surprising that so many religious people. And for a scientist is perfectly possible to feel that way. The scientist comes to science and technology to explain the world, not faith. But these issues are not exclusive. This is not to say that if you are religious, you do not know, and therefore should not be. Scientists know very good and faithful. Worlds are perfectly compatible.


Perhaps because religion and science are creative acts in the brain? No doubt. And although it is possible to live with them. I'm not saying believe in both. Francis Collins is one of the leaders of the Genome Project and director of the National Institutes of Health in the United States. Directs the federal agency for research in biotechnology. Works in the genes and is a great believer, attends Mass and writes books about his life as a genetic and a believer in God.


Einstein used to say that atheists are unable fans hear the music of the spheres. Was someone emotionally? Yes, and practicing music, playing the violin. Used to explain that in his theoretical work, when faced with a problem that needed solving, I did in terms of ecstasy to feel if something was right or not. Or if something was beautiful, like an equation.


You love to reread Shakespeare. Why? He was someone who was incredibly alert to the emotions and even consciousness. Writer is provides a more direct autobiographical ego. In the soliloquies of Hamlet, when he speaks of himself, his doubts, how he deals with the situation of the death of his father and marrying his mother and his uncle, reveals the part of oneself connected to your story, your joys and sorrows, the facts that form part of your life, where you were born, and from whom.

Dominika Marcinkowska Gliwice

INFORMED CONSENT AND PSYCHIATRY

"Beuty is truth, truth beuty" Keats. To my mentor and my truth is here
transparency




Here is an article psiquiatrialegal.com now particularly interested me because I work in a hospital setting. Concepts such as autonomy, information, transparency, informed consent, makes more complex the life of the inpatient units, but may help us to advance us to give a more humanized and effective services. Clinical experience tells me that a more opaque, is traumatic and forced entry by delirium, more resistant makes that person to renounce it, with as many subsequent readmissions. Greetings!



INFORMED CONSENT AND PSYCHIATRY

Western medical tradition has been built on the precept, erroneously attributed to Hippocrates, the Primum non nocere. Throughout history, this provision resulted in the physician's obligation to the patient the most good. As aptly said Diego Gracia (1) in this way were similar two distinct obligations: first, do no harm (the equivalent to the current principle of nonmaleficence), which in medicine is related to the technical skill of the physician and the other hand, seek the Good, which has a moral dimension. This action of the doctor in which pooled the technical and moral purposes was the patient, which was conceived as being affected physically, psychologically and morally for their disease and, therefore, unable to find what suited him. Until recently, it has been the transcript of the doctor - patient (or to put it more generally, health - sick). The doctor decided what was good, which suited the patient and, ultimately, what should be done, and did not count for anything in his decision with the view of the patient. In terms of modern bioethics, this historical situation encompassed the principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence. It was the doctor who competed avoid evil and do (and determine what was) the right, even against the advice of the patient. This was ultimately the basis of known historical and ethical medical paternalism.

In recent decades the relationship has entered a new health principle, that of autonomy. This principle, albeit with roots in the Enlightenment and the beginning of the modern age and has a clear relevance in other walks of life (political, social, financial) much earlier, failed to gain a place in the universe health to the recognition of the right to informed consent in American courts from the mid-50's last century. Only since then has begun to see that the patient has an important role in the relationship health and ability to make decisions regarding the care of their health problems.

Thus, the patient ceases to be incapable and immature because of his illness and becomes actively involved in their care, expressing their interests and preferences in this regard, a process in which clinicians provide information and patient consent performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (2). Finally recognizes the patient's ability to govern despite the disease. In our law, Law 14/86 of 25 April, General Health, breaks down the right to CI in articles 10.5 (on the right to Information), 10.6 (on the Right to Consent) and 10.9 (on the right not to consent). Article 10.6 also provides for exceptions CI: risk to public health, emergency and incapacity for decision making, in which case the right of consent shall be for the family or significant others.

Development of Informed Consent in Spain has been (is being) expensive. However, in other countries with greater autonomy tradition (3) also exist around the myths, prejudices and misunderstandings that abound in our country. Among them prominently the identification of "consent" to the important fact of signing the authorization for the practice of a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, forgetting that informed consent is actually an ongoing process of information by the doctor (4).


ELEMENTS OF INFORMED CONSENT


Over the years it has created a body of doctrine and clinical experience about informed consent that has allowed characterization of its components: Voluntariness, information in sufficient quantity and quality, competence and validity and authenticity. All these elements are present in clinical practice and are not more or less philosophical entelechies outside the daily work.

a) Voluntariness. Except in the case of psychiatry hospital or legal imperative is not common in clinical practice the use of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures against the will of the patient. However, there are more subtle mechanisms that can affect the voluntariness of a decision, such as persuasion, coercion and manipulation.

b) Information in sufficient quantity and quality. One of the main reasons for dissatisfaction and complaint from users of health services is the lack of information. This complaint persists even when the overall outcome of health care interventions is entirely satisfactory. However, problems arise when determining the form and content of information. Clinicians remain concerned about the detrimental effects for the patient to have accurate information about their illness, and often therapeutic privilege is invoked, an updated formulation of traditional paternalistic principles holds that in certain patients and certain situations the physician should withhold or delay information. Today, however, no doubt about the patient's right to information. Thus, in principle would be important to an accurate determination of what, how and when to report. In this regard have proved illuminating successive documents and guides that we reviewed in another article.

c) Competition. Competition within the framework of informed consent refers to the fact that the patient is able to consent. It is probably the most contentious area in Psychiatry and will be dealt with more detail in another chapter.



INFORMED CONSENT IN PSYCHIATRY

Informed Consent is one element of what some authors have called the stage of mental illness as a human animal (5). Overcoming the times in which the patient was conceived in the manner of a wild animal (more imprisonment in prison mental hospitals to hospital) or a pet (with the establishment of psychiatry as a discipline to soothe and de-shake the sick) in the final third of the twentieth century has highlighted the particular need to promote the rights of patients psychiatry. And among those rights prominently informed consent.

However, implantation, and even acceptance of this right runs into obstacles and prejudices. Can you seriously consider the possibility exists psychiatric activity of informed consent? Is there the possibility of mental illness to receive information? Can there really an absence of coercion in the relationship of the patient to his psychiatrist, 'Is the patient competent?



1 .-

Mental Illness To begin to answer these questions we must say that we know too well as psychiatric practice is too broad and varied as to make generalizations. The definition of mental illness (MS) is problematic. In recent years, psychiatric classifications are preferred term, broader and diffuse Mental Disorder (TM), the DSM-IV American Psychiatric Association (6) defined as a syndrome or a behavioral pattern or psychological significance clinic, which is associated to discomfort (eg., pain), disability (eg., impairment in one or more areas of functioning) or a significantly increased risk of dying or suffering pain, disability or loss of freedom.

The scope of this vague concept is widening. Successive editions of DSM disorders are incorporating new, sometimes, are mere subdivisions of disorders identified since ancient times (for example, the multiple combinations of symptomatic and evolution of bipolar disorder), other times they are "new" disorders broken off from a common trunk encompassed less accurate than previously (for example, Asperger disorder related to autism in its various meanings and under different names it has been receiving). For Finally, do not forget that the change in the concept of abstinence and dependence has led to make room for new substance use disorders. Either way, the truth is that we are witnessing an explosion nosological staggering proportions: The DSM-II, 1968, 180 distinguished mental disorders in the third edition, revised (DSM-III-R, 1987), went to be 292, to ascend in the DSM-IV in 1994 to over 350. Face to successive editions and although the DSM consistency requires its disorders suggests a restrictive tendency, we anticipate the addition of minor depression, anxiety disorder - depression and the very variegated forms of slippage impulsive and repetitive behaviors or addictive.

With such variety of diseases is unacceptable automatically conclude that mental illness does not viable informed consent in psychiatry.



2 .- Mental Illness and Information

Although it is difficult to determine the form and content of information there is no doubt about the patient's right to it. Thus, in principle would be important to an accurate determination of what, how and when to report. Moreover, the formal aspect of the information can be a major stumbling block. Health relationship is a process fraught with uncertainty, whose recognition by the doctor can sometimes disturb the patient, accustomed to solving and operational picture of the doctor. On the other hand, even in situations of a reasonable certainty, psychiatrists have big problems to convey an intelligible our results and it is incontestable that on many occasions we fail to make us understand by colleagues from other specialties or by peers from other theoretical orientations. This represents a major challenge, as it urges us to improve our methods and channels of communication with patients In addition to forcing a minimum consensus on diagnostic and therapeutic measures all the time indicated.

The presentation of information in sufficient quantity and quality is a particularly difficult challenge when the recipient suffers from severe mental illness. The fear of a worse treatment adherence when exposed openly side effects of drugs can lead to paternalistic attitudes and excessive use of therapeutic privilege. However, there is no evidence to support this fear (7).

As in any another situation, the information must include the risks and benefits of treatment, and alternatives. It is an ongoing process that requires the psychiatrist to clarify the doubts each time the patient. It is proposed that information on antipsychotics should include a comprehensive list of side effects, with an explicit reference to the most serious, but statistically infrequent (8).

worth collecting to talk about some practical information on psychotropic drugs spurious negative publicity are reporting side effects of new antipsychotic drugs those who are not accustomed. In addition to discredit Psychopharmacology may pose to the wolf would be unfortunate if the marketing is camouflaged under the skin of the lamb of the rights of patients.



3 .- Mental Illness and Will

If, as Henri Ey said mental illness is the pathology of Liberty, the voluntariness of the decisions of psychiatric patients may be questioned. But aside from the actual intrapsychic factors derived from the disease, the patient is exposed to a particular risk of improper inducements, coercion or manipulation. The psychiatrist holds an authority issued even to some extent on political or administrative bodies, which can convert the relationship with the patient in a particularly unequal struggle. In other cases, therapeutic measures arise in a coercive manner. In the case of placements, provided plans to the threat of entry clearance unless the patient agrees to enter. However, behind these pressures on the patient's will is not the disease, but how to make professional or institution.



4 .- Mental Illness and

Competition Competition required to consent varies according to the decision or clinical situation in question, so although there are many cases in which the psychiatric patient is not competent, they are certainly not the majority. This aspect will be addressed in another chapter.



PSYCHIATRIC INFORMED CONSENT AND INCOME: Income "INVOLUNTARY"

The power to impose a subject a psychiatric hospitalization for reasons related to the two basic powers that Aristotle gives the State (9). On the one hand, police power, which protects citizens danger and injury and, moreover, the Parens Patriae to help people in need of parental support (maintenance, protection, food and education), assuming the role as father of all citizens who have no family or relatives who to succor in times of need. The power of protection from danger and harm is the basis for the forced internment of the danger arising from the subject, while the paternalistic role of the state justifies its intervention to enter and treat people who need help to regain health or prevent further deterioration of the same.

Throughout history, psychiatric institutions have been met in relation to the mentally ill this dual role. On the one hand have served to protect the Company from allegedly dangerous mentally ill (or annoying, or lewd and uncomfortable to see.) On the other hand have had a paternalistic order or impose aimed at helping the patient support.

The judicial control of detention is relatively old, emerged in France with the Act of 1838, which remained in effect until 1990 and established safeguards to prevent arbitrary income and protect the individual rights and property of the patient. This Act had a profound effect across Europe and appearing under his influence were various national laws. The first English law is to be found in the Royal Decree of 19 May 1885 on Civil Confinement of the Insane, prior to the appearance of the first Civil Code (1889). Such initial distinction between observation income, administrative, for a period of six months, later extended to one year imprisonment and ultimately to judicial control. The family played a key role, could apply for admission for observation and automatically cancel the detention even though the patient was dangerous, always take charge of his custody and took the resulting responsibilities. It was therefore of income in which ownership rested with the family and whose purpose was to fend off social life to people who could not lead a normal life.

legislation was replaced by the Decree of July 3, 1931 on Assistance for Mentally Ill, which in Article 10 distinguishes between the terms for entering the "admission of a mental patient for medical reasons (involuntary admission) [that] only may have the character of the treatment medium and in any correctional deprivation of liberty. " The new rules, raised with therapeutic zeal, the main protagonist was, therefore, the doctor who was who suggested the measure.

From the 60's throughout the Western world took place several changes designed to better legal protection of the mentally ill, particularly those subject to involuntary. As part of this movement, in 1983, Spain was in an amendment to the Civil Code, which repealed the Decree of 1931 and stemmed from the changes described internationally as well as the need to harmonize their admittance to the still new Constitution of 1978 and the European Convention Human Rights, ratified by our country in 1979. The new legislation was laid on judicial authority to protect the rights of the patient. The new Article 211 of the Civil Code provided that:

The detention of a suspected unable to require prior judicial authorization, except in emergencies would warrant the adoption of such a measure, which will realize as soon as the judge and, any event, within twenty-four hours.

The judge, after examining the person and heard the advice of a physician designated by him, grant or refuse permission and make the facts known to the Ministry Attorney for the purposes stated in Article 203.

Among other features, the new regulation had the defect, or perhaps the virtue of linking the forced internment in a situation of incapacity or incompetence of the subject, rather than its rejection of the measure. In terms of informed consent, and although related to involuntary admissions, the law did not speak of will but of competence.

Later, during Act 1 / 1996 of January 15 on the Legal Protection of Minors, a change was introduced In the drafting of Civil Code No. 211:

Internment by reason of mental disorder, a person who is not able to decide for itself, but is subject to parental authority, require judicial authorization (...).

The new version, even more explicitly in the paternalistic rationale of the measure, remains essentially in Article 763 of the new Civil Procedure Act. In short, it would not be appropriate to speak of involuntary admission, but incompetent income. The qualification is important in light of the White Paper Committee Ministers of the Council of Europe on the protection of human rights and dignity of persons with mental illness, especially of those found in psychiatric institutions, that the criteria for involuntary admission appointment:

c. The person is able to consent and refuses consent to the entry (the person is capable of consenting but explicitly rejected or not acted upon) or the person is unable to consent and refuses admission or treatment.

In terms of the elements of CI, according to this document, the involuntary admission would be a question of involuntariness and / or incompetence, against English law, which only mentions the incompetence, that the incompetent person is not openly opposed to income should not be considered voluntary, but that their income would require court approval.

The shift of the competition will have its implications. First, being a purely paternalistic or protective, the question is obvious, perhaps uncomfortable, indications, among which we should mention the protection of third parties. In this way, it avoids a certain institutionalization or prosecution of the role of control Social Psychiatry. At the same time, the English psychiatric care may dismiss the civil revenue forced a group of patients in other countries would be subsidiaries of this measure. This is the case of people with antisocial personality disorder to reject the entry, who can be considered qualified to do so, provided that they present a comorbid disorder that may affect their competence. Thus, the absence of an "indication of danger" of psychiatric admission (as can be, for example the English Mental Health Act) can throw their forced internment.

Moreover, the absence of more explicit rules on involuntary or forced treatment, the fact that the patient has received an initial assessment of disability, at least to decide on their income, would allow the imposition of other therapeutic measures. Do not forget, in this sense that one of the exceptions to consent, according to Article 10.6 of the General Health Law, is the disability.

Finally, it is questionable falsely able income, or if you prefer, erroneously considered competent. This situation gave rise in the U.S. in a court case (Zinermon v, Burch), in which the litigant sued a hospital that accepted him as a voluntary patient in a state of psychotic decompensation franca that made his signature on the application form for admission or consent is invalid. Beyond the specifics of the case, the trial court decision favorable to the APA forced the competition to formulate criteria for voluntary hospitalization.

any case, Article 763 of the new Civil Procedure Law, Article 763, which has replaced 211 of the Civil Code refers to "involuntary detention because mental disorder "despite raising the issue in terms of competence or incompetence will not:

1. Internment, by reason of mental disorder, a person who is not able to decide for itself, but is subject to parental authority or guardianship, will require court approval, to be collected from the court where the person lives affected by internment.

The institution of voluntary membership data in psychiatric centers in our country of the Decree of 1931 and is spread throughout the world. In 1993 Group of the APA Task Force on Consent to Voluntary Hospitalization described the virtues of this procedure (10):

a. Defends patient autonomy by allowing the decision to enter

b. Maximizes the patient's rights, including those treated in the least restrictive framework and apply for discharge. C.

Reduce the stigma associated with hospitalization

d. Expand access to hospital treatment, as not all patients who could benefit from hospitalization voluntary fulfillment of stringent conditions for involuntary admission

e. Lets start treatment before there is a significant deterioration in the clinical situation

f. Creates the framework for establishing a cooperative relationship with increasing patient responsibility and enhance their participation in treatment.

g. You may have a more favorable outcome than involuntary hospitalization

h. Avoids the enormous costs involved for health and justice systems to be handled as involuntary patients admitted many volunteers.

addition, the Task Force notes, the guarantees that have voluntarily hospitalized patients are clinical and not legal.

With a few nuances arising from different health care and legal frameworks, these arguments are perfectly applicable to other countries. What does not seem so lucky to describe these income and participation in voluntary income. In light of the theory of informed consent, from the wording of our laws and even the peculiarities of the American context, it is more appropriate to speak of income consented to voluntary income. The Task Force itself was established to determine the conditions of consent of income and what characterizes what is commonly defined as voluntary income is the patient's consent to enter, on the basis of adequate information, not their will violentación and a sufficient degree of competition. Likewise, in this sense, the term more appropriate to define what is usually called involuntary admission income would not consented or forced entry. Bibliography





1 .- Grace D. Primum non nocere. Madrid: Institute of Spain - Royal Academy of Medicine, 1990

2 .- Simon P. Informed consent. Madrid: Triacastela, 2000

3 .- Meisel A, Kuczewski M. Legal and Ethical myths about informed consent. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 2521-6

4 .- Lidz CW, Appelbaum PS, Meisel A. Two models for the application of informed consent. In: Couceiro A (Ed). Bioethics for clinicians. Madrid: Triacastela, 1999, pp 151-162

5 .- Gracia D, Lazarus J. History of Psychiatry. In: JL Ayuso Gutiérrez, Salvador Carulla L. Manual of Psychiatry. Madrid: Interamericana - McGraw - Hill, 1992, pp 17 to 31

6 .- American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Barcelona: Masson

7 .- Lidz CW, Hoge SK, Gardner W, Bennett NS, Monahan J, Mulvey EP, Roth LH. Perceived coercion in mental hospital admission. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995, 52: 1034-1039

8 .- Jeffries JJ. Ethical Issues in drug selection for schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 1993; 38 (suppl 3): S70-S74

9 .- LaFond JQ. Law and the delivery of involuntary mental health services. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1994, 64: 209-222 10 .- Cournos

F, Faulkner LR, Fitzgerald L, Griffith E, Munetz MR, Winick B. Report of the Task Force on Consent to Voluntary hospitalization. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1993; 21: 293-307

How Do I Know My Victoria Secret Dress Size

Comments Marcelo Pakman's article: "disciplinary knowledge, Postmodernism and Globalization"

Orlando Benito, Area II clinical psychologist in Manchester, we refer these comments to the article "disciplinary knowledge, Postmodernism and Globalization: A CALL TO MAKE THE GIRO REFLECTIVE" DONALD SCHÖN TRADE IN CONNECTION WITH A MENTAL HEALTH ", by Marcelo Pakman, published in the journal Gallery No. 13-14 and originally in Cybernetics and Human Knowing, vol 7, No. 2-3, 2000.

------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------

"Psychology can never tell the truth about the madness because it is the madness that holds true of psychology psychology (...) can never tame the madness (...) because psychology was made possible in our world only when the madness had been dominated and excluded from the drama. And when it reappears in bursts and screams illuminators, in Nerval and Artaud, Roussel Nietschze or is the psychology which is silent, without words, with this language that borrows own meaning from this tragic division of that freedom, which, for modern man, only the existence of "psychologists" allows you to forget. Michel Foucault ( 1987, p. 37.87)



Packman begins his article with this appointment. Foucault believed that the scientific classification meant to assign and separate groups of people how normal or abnormal. " Practices "divisive" and "scientific classification" were, according to Foucault, two forms of a process of objectification of the subject. Contrasting disciplines grew normally with pathology, outlining a legitimate field for themselves. Treatment practices are also heirs of those dividing practices. According to him, the madness was increasingly socially constructed as mental illness, and psychology was instrumental in this process. So the psychology is doomed to poorly understand the madness and the "injustice" because he was born as a result of the exclusion of madness, which still survives in just artistic.

The evolution leads to "modernism" which assumed that behind the observable reality that is studied is an underlying structure from which actors were unaware of the behavior.

Some concepts that became central in psychology and psychiatry discipline had previously interactional and systemic meanings that evolved over time to acquire meanings consistent with the modern spirit. Take for example the case of the term "delirium." In Roman times cultivation techniques expanded and unified. For economic reasons, Rome became interested in monitoring how farmers applied these techniques to be more productive fields. The image of large areas traversed by the rows of crops became a common vision of the landscape. Latin culture these parallel lines are called Liria. Each line was a delirium. Who were not able to follow liria when planted in saying that they would de-Liria, ie outside Liria. The farmer unable to follow the delirium, suffered a de-delirium. This is the etymological root of the word delirium, so central to psychopathology. The person was suffering delusions, unable to follow the directives of the supervisor, unable to follow the technique was undermined, deliberately or not, the economy of the Empire. It was an economic and social ... Some of the observed causes of this behavior (Delirium) were: intoxication, inability to understand, insanity or ill will. There was nothing in the concept of delirium that imply a lack of contact with reality or an internal process of the individual. It was a social, economic and political, not ontological or doctor.

Similar patterns of development found in other concepts such as "consciousness" that far from its original meaning of "meet together," he went on to describe a knowledge accessible only to yourself or SELF.


story continued with the description of the technical-rational epistemological models up to the current postmodern Lyotard designates as "the state of our culture as a result of the transformation since the end of S. Century, have altered the game of science, and art lilteratura. " Points to a "incredulity toward metanarratives" and the destruction of the project for universal in the spirit of modernism (Lyotard, 1993).

If all metanarratives, including justice, ethics and reason, have a history, culture and are then temporarily located, and there are eternal values \u200b\u200bthat modernism had assumed they were. We can no longer invoke any of these ideas and strategies universal legitimacy of the discourses that shape our daily lives. We have a world of competing narratives, none of which arguably is hierarchically above the other. There is no solid basis for human experience, there is an underlying truth. The story is a myth of origin, constructed retrospectively as political and social interests of this. Ethical positions can not be supported by appealing to principles that guide our conduct unchallenged. Objectivity, as something which corresponds to an independent reality, must be replaced by a consensus among the participants, pragmatic advantages for action in a particular domain. Constructivism in

as second order cybernetics and social constructionism are two movements born in the shadow of the postmodern spirit. (...)

The principle that "mental illness is a brain disease" is an example of this powerful narrative enhanced by laboratories psychotropic drugs manufactured by the propaganda of the media. (....)



Globalization Globalization is not, however, a project for which they lived or from which to live, is a project that already live around us.

globalizing trends have brought a high degree of homogeneity in institutional practices, including mental health institutions. New jargon has emerged with words crucial to identify those that slip in the new wave, struggling to stay "competitive" within the system: organizational consultants prescribe the "re-engineering for all institutions making the goal of "value for money with cost containment" and alignment with the dominant trends

(...) Once homogenized the specific practices in mental health institutions cloned committees (homogenized) decide which are the credentials right to practice a profession to "ensure quality" of work through multidisciplinary teams and try to implement practices of "measurable results" based on science. These practices begin with treatment plans and operate on well-defined diagnoses, reimbursed by health insurance companies and end with surveys of customer satisfaction. Although rationally justified as measures to improve the quality of service provision, we see that: the quality assurance committees and multidisciplinary teams often end up unifying and improving the documentation that becomes the true area of \u200b\u200bclinical work, consistently with the legal budget that is not written what did not happen.

Measuring results requires, again, a reliance on well-defined clinical entities that also promote the paperwork, so that qualitative research that could bring some rationality remains outside the process. The new generations of therapists are being guided by these roles trails are replacing the older disciplinary therapy and postmodern interests expel mental health.

trained physicians now almost exclusively on drug ... applying simplistic thought processes such as decision tree process for identifying and treating signs and symptoms. Representatives of psychotropic manufacturing laboratories have adopted a more aggressive style during his visits to doctors to openly influence the decision making process ... These intrusions are legitimized by some scientific articles on the neurobiology is limited to abstract effects of neurotransmitters, with no consideration for the complex nature incarnate and clinical practice. Countless training programs supplement the teaching academic legitimacy "that you. You need to know now. " In academia, the committees cloned unify undergraduate and graduate psychology, psychiatry and family therapy, closing a loop that trains professionals as clonal copies without major deviations from the knowledge / power required. Accreditation processes are guided, often for political or discriminatory.

The end result is a system that rewards similarity and designed in accordance with official practice, which are not imposed from above, but enthusiastically adopted by each worker whose mind has been formatted by the dominant system. "

Religious Wedding Program Templates

Wikileaks

"Wines and Wineries of the Valencian Community" 2002 - Issues 52. This is my first foray into the world of gastronomic literature. I did Vicente Aurelio's hand, my dear partner in TVE Comunitat Valenciana, with whom I shared more than 5 seasons STOP Tauler.

That program was broadcast on Thursday evenings in the disconnection of the 2 for the autonomous territory.

This book is the first comprehensive catalog than wines and wineries in the Community at a time of hatching. Aurelio's work was worthy and laborious. He had contact with cooperatives and land vintners and terreta asking for logos and labels of their brands ... Unthinkable until now. For by that time and some did not give thanks. I just I just tell the adventures of a journalist new to the world of gastronomy, who passed it really well spreading the good of the chefs and eating for the pin.

"Bon Profit - Valencian cuisine of today" - 2003 - Editorial Federico Domenech. It is considered a good deal of modern Valencian cuisine. Documented between 1998 and 2004, details the experiences with the great masters Mediterranean cuisine: Joachim Koerper, a very young Quique Dacosta, Susi Díaz, Juan Gorrea, and Rafael Vidal, among others. It is a book with many kilometers on their boots and where I said goodbye to analogue photography. Are all that are in extensive tour of the kitchens most succulent of Castellón, Valencia and Alicante.

"Rice Anniversary" 2007 Edited by Cadena SER Radio Valencia. Means putting in black and white the exciting adventure of the radio. This book contains the most suggestive rice Valencian cuisine is constantly evolving. The paella is the past and the rice best argument for the future. 30,000 copies for free distribution.

"The New Challenge of Mediterranean Cuisine" 2008 Edited by Cadena SER Radio Valencia. Second installment of the author's passionate relationship with the waves. This time we capture in the book all the arguments of the healthy Mediterranean diet, yet scientific rigor, but in a very enjoyable and entertaining. 35,000 copies for free distribution.

"Well It Best. Wineries in the Comunidad Valenciana" 2009 Edited by Cadena SER Radio Valencia. The third installment, and end of the first trilogy book "gastrofónicos." The thrust and projection of the wines of Valencia in the last 10 years, well worth a reflection on our past, present and future. Are we as good as we BELIEVE? Some of the questions this book answers. 35,000 copies for free distribution.

Clipart Communication Funny

The family adventure by GK Chesterton
























The family may well be considered, and would have to think at least, as a fundamental human institution. All admit that was the main cell and central unit of most societies that have existed until now, the exception, truth be told, in some societies as that of Lacedaemon to opt for "efficiency" and that, consequently, has died without leaving a trace. E1 Christianity, which was the great revolution brought, did not alter this sacred thing, as old and savage, he did nothing more than giving back. He did not deny the trinity of father, mother and child. Just read it backwards, making the child, mother and father. And this is no longer called the family, but Holy Family, because many things are made holy only to be turned. But some scholars of our own decay have launched a serious attack on the family. She has been attacked, and I think that the wrong way; and their advocates have defended, and have done the wrong way. The most common defense of the family is that, amid the tensions and changes of life, is a peaceful place, comfortable and united. But it is possible another defense of the family, and I think obviously, is to say that the family is not peaceful, or comfortable, or together.


The family as an institution in the modern world today

is not fashionable to sing the benefits of small community. It tells us to throw to by large empires and large ideas. There is an advantage, however, in the state, city or small town that only the willfully blind will overlooked. The man who lives in a small community lives in a world much larger. She knows a lot more of the fierce varieties and uncompromising divergences of men. The reason is obvious. In a large community we can choose our companions. In a small community our companions are given us. Thus in all large and highly civilized societies groups are formed, founded on what is called sympathy and silence the real world more sharply so that the doors of a monastery. The truth is that there is nothing small or limited in the clan or tribe which is really small and limited is the gang or clique. Those in a clan live together because they all wear the same tartan or because they are all descended from the same sacred cow, but in their souls, by a divine luck of things, there will be more colors than in any tartan. Those in a gang or a group live together because they have the same kind of soul, and their narrowness is a narrowness of spiritual coherence and contentment, as there is in hell. A big society exists to form cliques. A big society is a society for the promotion of narrowness. It is a machinery to protect the sensitive loner and all the bitter experience and empowering human commitments. In the most literal sense of words, is a society for the prevention of Christian knowledge. We

see this change, for example, in the modern transformation of what is called the club. When London was smaller, and smaller neighborhoods and families, the club was what is still in the villages, the opposite of what is now in the big cities. It was considered then as a place where a person could be sociable. Now the club is valued as a place where one can be unsociable. The larger and made our civilization so much longer the club a place where one can have a loud argument, and it becomes a place where one can eat alone, on their own, without anyone bothering you. E1 goal is to feel comfortable, and make a man comfortable is to make the opposite of sociable. Sociability, like all good things, is full of hardships, dangers and sacrifices. The club tends to produce the most degrading of all combinations, the hermit of luxury, the man who combines the sensual indulgence of Lucullus with loneliness insane Simeon Stylites.

If tomorrow morning a huge snowfall will not let us out of the street you would enter suddenly live in a world much larger and more unusual than anything we have imagined. But all the efforts of the typical modern person is fleeing from the street where he lives. First invents modern hygiene and goes to Margate. Then he invented the modern culture and goes to Florence. After invents modern imperialism and goes to Timbuktu. He goes to the edges of the Earth fantastic. Intends to hunt tigers. Almost got to ride a camel. And in all this is still essentially fleeing from the street where he was born, and always have a handy explanation for his escape. He says he fled his street because it is boring. Lies. The truth is fleeing from his street because it is too exciting. It's exciting because it is demanding, it is demanding because it is full of life. You can visit Venice for him calm because the Venetians are nothing more than Venetians people in your street are men and women. You can stare at a Chinese because for him the Chinese are a passive thing you need to look; if she can look at the old lady in the garden next door, the old woman is in motion. Is forced to flee, to put it shortly, too stimulating company of their peers-free human beings, evil, personal, deliberately different from himself. The street in Brixton, and it shines too overwhelming. You have to calm down and settle down among tigers and vultures, camels and crocodiles. These creatures, no doubt, are very different from him, but do not put their shape or color or customs decisive intellectual competition with their own traits. Do not try to destroy his principles and assert their own. The bizarre monsters on their street in the neighborhood exactly intended that. The camel does not contort their anatomy to form a splendid mockery because Mr. Robinson did not have a hump, but the cultured gentleman of the number 5 does exhibit a mockery when he warns that Mr Robinson does not have baseboard in your home. The vulture is not going to burst out laughing if you see a man fly, but the commander who lives at number 9 is laugh out loud that a man does not smoke. The common complaint that we have to make our neighbors is that they get into what does not concern them. Do not we really mean that do not get into what does not concern them. If our neighbors would not get into what does not concern them, suddenly they would be asked their income and quickly cease to be our neighbors. The we really mean when we demand that do not get into what does not concern them is something much deeper. We dislike them because they have so little strength and energy that might be interested in your stuff. We dislike them because they have strength and energy to also be interested in ours. What terrifies us of our neighbors is not the narrowness of his horizon, but its splendid tendency to widen. And all aversions to ordinary humanity have this general character. There are aversions to their weakness (as some claim), but his power The misanthropes believe despise humanity for his weakness, but the truth is that the hate for his strength.


Ordinary people

Of course, this withdrawal from the brutal vivacity and variety of ordinary people is perfectly forgivable and excusable as long as they do not wish to become an attitude of superiority But when it describes itself an aristocracy or aestheticism or a superiority over bourgeoisie, there is no choice at that point justice inherent weakness. The trouble is the most unforgivable of all vices, but it is the most unforgivable of all virtues. Nietzsche, which is the most prominent representative of this pretentious claim of being annoying, is somewhere in his work a "very powerful description from the literary point of view of disgust and disdain which consume him to turn his gaze on ordinary people with ordinary faces, their voices ordinary, ordinary minds. As I said, this attitude is almost beautiful if we can classify it as pathetic. Nietzsche's aristocracy has all the sanctity which belongs to the weak. When we feel that it can not endure the innumerable faces, voices incessant, overwhelming omnipresence which belongs to the crowd, have the sympathy or approval of anyone who has ever been sick on a boat or tired in a crowded bus. We all hated mankind when we were little human. Every human being has ever had humanity in his eyes like a suffocating fog, or in their nostrils like a suffocating odor. But when Nietzsche is the incredible lack of humor and imagination to ask us to believe that your aristocracy is an aristocracy of strong muscles or an aristocracy of strong wills, it is necessary to show the truth of things. And the truth is that it is an aristocracy of weak nerves.

We make our friends, we become our enemies, but God makes our next door neighbor. Hence the approach we covered all the terrors carefree nature, our neighbor is as strange as the stars, as reckless and indifferent as rain. Man is the most terrible of all beasts. So the old religions and the old language bíb6lico showed a wisdom so pervasive when they spoke, not the duties of humanity, but of duties to others. The duty towards humanity may often take the form of an election that is personal and even enjoyable. That duty may be our interest, may even be a fad or dissipation. We work in the poorest neighborhood because we are specially trained to work in that neighborhood, or because it seems to us, we can fight for the cause of international peace because we love fighting. E1 most monstrous martyrdom, the most repulsive experience may be the result of an election or a taste. We may be made in such a way that we love lunatics or specially interested we lepers. Can to love the blacks because they are black or German socialists because they're pedantic. But we love our neighbor because it is there, much more alarming reason for a much more serious. E1 neighbor is the sign of humanity which in fact gives us. And precisely because it can be an ordinary person, your neighbor is across the globe. It is a symbol because it is an accident.

There is no doubt that men flee from small rooms with land that is truly deadly. But this is natural because they are fleeing from death, are fleeing from life. And this applies to each of the rings of the social system of humanity. It is perfectly reasonable for men to seek some particular variety of the human type, always looking for the variety of human kind and not merely the human variety. It is perfectly logical that a British diplomat company seeks Japanese generals, if what you are general Japanese But if you just want people different from himself, he had much better stay at home and discuss religion with the maid. It is very reasonable for the genius of the people will conquer London if he wants to conquer London. But if you just want to win something important and symbolically hostile and also very strong, he had much better stay where you are and have a fight with the pastor of the church. E1 man in the street of the neighborhood behaves well if you seen Ramsgate Ramsgate-something very difficult to imagine. But if, as he puts it, going to Ramsgate "to change" then you have to tell would experience a much more romantic, even melodramatic if he jumped over the wall into the garden of his neighbor. The consequences would be invigorating on a meaning that goes far beyond the scope of hygiene in Ramsgate.




Divergences and varieties, however, the same way that this principle applies to the rule for the nation within the empire, to the city in the nation, for the street within the city, also holds for house in the street. The institution of the family should be praised for precisely the same reasons that the institution of the nation or the institution of the city are praised in this respect. It's good for a man living in a family for the same reason it is good for a man to be besieged in a city. It's good for a man living in a family in the same sense that something beautiful and delicious for a man to be blocked by snow in the street. All these things you are forced to realize that life is not something that comes from outside, but something that comes from within. Above all, they all insist on the fact that life, if life is truly a stimulating and fascinating, something that by its very nature exists in spite of us. Modern writers have suggested, more or less open, that the family is a bad institution, have generally been confined to suggest, with much bitterness, or pathos, that perhaps the family is not always very conciliatory. But, no doubt, the family is a good institution because it is not conciliatory. Is good and healthy precisely because it contains so many divergencies and varieties. It is, as sentimental people, a small kingdom and, like many small realms, are generally in a state that is closer to anarchy. It is precisely the fact that our brother George is not interested in our religious difficulties, but is interested in the "Trocadero Restaurant ', which gives the family
some of the invigorating qualities of the republic. It is precisely the fact that my uncle does not approve Fernando theatrical ambitions of our sister Sarah that makes the family is like humanity. Men and women who, for reasons good or bad, they rebel against the family are, for reasons good or bad, simply revolting against mankind. Aunt Elizabeth is unreasonable, like mankind. Papa is excitable, like mankind. Our youngest brother is mischievous, like mankind. The grandfather is stupid, like the world, and is old, as the world.

There is no doubt that those who wish rightly or wrongly, to escape from all this, they want to get into a narrower world. The grandeur and variety of the family are left dismayed and terrified. Sara wants to find a world that consists entirely of theaters, Jorge wants to think that the 'Trocadero' is a cosmos. I'm not saying for one moment that the flight to this limited life is not right for the individual, nor say the flight into a monastery. But it is all bad and artificial which tends to make these strange people succumb to the illusion that they are entering a world that is larger and more varied than his own. The best way a human would evaluate his readiness to meet the variety commons would be dropped down the chimney of any house chosen at random, and be as good as possible with people inside. And that's essentially what each of us made the day he was born.

In this romantic adventure is truly special and sublime, of the family. It's romantic because it is "heads or tails', because that's all what his enemies say about it, because it is arbitrary, because it's there. To the extent that a group of people has been chosen rationally there will be some special or sectarian atmosphere. When choosing an irrational way then you meet more men and women without. The element of adventure begins There, for an adventure is something that naturally comes to us. It's something that chooses us, not something that we choose. E1 Falling in love is often regarded as the supreme adventure, the ultimate romantic incident. To the extent that it is something outside of us, something like a sort of cheerful fatalism, this is very true. There is no doubt that love catches us, transforms us and torture us. Really breaks our hearts with unbearable beauty, as the unbearable beauty of music. However, the extent to which, of course, have something to do with it, to the extent that somehow we are ready to fall in love and in some sense to throw to love, to the extent that to some extent choose and to some extent judge, in this sense, the fact is not truly romantic love is not really a great adventure. In this sense, the supreme adventure is not love. The supreme adventure is being born. Here we are suddenly in a splendid and startling trap. There really see something we've never dreamed of before. Our father and mother are watching, waiting, and jump on us like bandits behind a bush. Our uncle is a surprise. Our aunt is like a bolt from the blue sky. Upon entering the family on the birth we really in a world incalculable in a world that has its own laws and strange, in a world that could very well continue on without us, in a world that we have not made us. In other words, when we entered the family entered a fairy tale.


The adventure of the unexpected

This colorful, like a fantastic story, you should stick to the family and our relationships with them throughout life. Love is the deepest thing in life deeper than reality. For even if the reality would be misled, yet could not prove that it is insignificant or unimportant. If the facts were false, would still be very strange. And this character strange life, this element of the unexpected and even perverse things as they happen, remains incurably interesting. The circumstances that we can be gentle regular or pessimistic, but the "circumstances over which we have no control" remain tinged with something divine for those who, like Mr. Micawber, may be relied upon and renew their strength. People wonder why the novel is the most popular form of literature, why are read more novels than scientific or metaphysical books. The reason is simple: is that the novel is more real than those other books. Life may sometimes legitimately appear as a scientific book. Life may sometimes appear and much more legitimacy, as a book of metaphysics. But life is always a novel. Our existence may cease to be a song may no longer be even a beautiful lament. Maybe our existence is not intelligible justice or even a recognizable mistake. But our existence is, despite all that, a story. In the fierce alphabet sunset all is written, "continue into the next." If we have enough intelligence, we can complete and accurate philosophical deduction, and be sure that we are running correctly. With proper brain power could carry out any scientific discovery and be sure that what we had just successfully.

But even with the greatest of intelligence could finish the story easier or the dumbest, and remain confident that we have completed successfully occurs because a story has been behind not only the intelligence that is partly mechanical but the will, which in essence is divine. E1 narration writer can send his hero into the dungeon in the penultimate chapter, if desired. You can do the same divine caprice whereby the author can go to jail and then hell, if he chooses. And the same civilization, that civilization European chivalry reaffirmed freedom in the thirteenth century, produced what we call "fiction" in the eighteenth. When Thomas Aquinas asserted the spiritual liberty of man, created all the bad novels are in the circulating libraries.

But that life is for us a story or a love story, it is necessary that a large part of it is decided without our permission. If our life is a system that can be a nuisance, but if we want a drama, is essential. Can often occur, no doubt, that a drama is written by someone who is not quite to our liking. But even less than we would like the author stood before the curtain every hour or so and will download all the worry about us to invent our own the next act. The human being has control over many things in his life, has control over a sufficient number of things to be the hero of a novel. But if I had control over everything, there would be both hero who would not novel. And the reason that the lives of the rich are at the bottom so dull and boring is simply because they can choose the events. Get bored because they are omnipotent. You can not have affairs because the manufacture to your specifications. What keeps life as a romantic and full of burning possibilities is the existence of these major limitations that force us all to deal with things we like and do not expect. In vain the proud speak modern living in uncomfortable environments. Being stuck in an adventure is to be put in uncomfortable environments. Being born on this earth is being born in an uncomfortable environment, and therefore, being born into an adventure. Of all these great constraints and structures that shape and create the poetry and the variety of life, the family is the most definitive and most important. Hence, it is misunderstood by modern adventure imagine that there could be more perfect degree in a complete state of what they call freedom. They think that if a man makes a gesture would be somewhat surprising and amazing that the sun fell from the sky. But what is surprising and amazing, the romantic adventure of the same Sun's existence, is that it does not fall from the sky. Looking for these people under any form and shape a world where there are no limitations, that is, a world where there are no boundaries, that is, a world where there are no figures. There is nothing more despicable and vile that many. They say they want to be as strong as the universe, but what they really want is that the entire universe is as weak as themselves.

What Do The Rubber Bracelets Mean

The Dome of Stephen King

about a month ago, when it was released the new book by master Stephen King, I went to a bookstore and saw him there with other titles, was a piece of book of 1130 pages would be mine, and without thinking twice picked up the book and bought it (€ 29.90) a bit pricey I thought, but after a few days I discovered that it had been worthwhile disbursement made. I

weeks without starting it, first, for lack of time, second, why he was finishing another, a short story called " After Last night the ec er "and third, why I had to psych to start with one of his longest novels ever published.

finally found the right moment to start it and I did, was a Friday particular night on 4 June (I was not too good, sore throat and felt I was getting cold, but that was the ideal excuse to be a weekend at home without any pressure and overtime).

And the beginning of the novel was extremely devastating (the best I've read of King) I could not stop until page 133, about 6 chapters at once, but is felt I could not leave (I did not care or neck pain) was fully absorbed with the King makes terrible description of the fall of the dome in a small town near Maine (Chester's Mills).

During that weekend and had read nearly 400 pages, immersed in their long descriptions of both events or accidents due to mysterious dome or the colorful characters that live in the village (perhaps too many) but you end up catch them love or hate, both the good and the most bastards (and more than one).

Illustrations of the characters by Matthew Diffee

For 3 weeks I've been reading (especially at night) the book , I was hooked from the start and almost without being able to put aside ..... has a long story but not tiring, because you always want to know more about what will happen in the village, on the outcome of his characters and the overall development of events.

And finally on Sunday June 20th I had finished the work, almost hoping that no completion and sad about not being able to continue investigating more about the end of the dome. An ending that does not convince too much (I expected more and I think the dome event tailor becomes a great McGuffin created by the author to focus more on the characters of the people) but that does not tarnish his global experience . In short, a unique event very rewarding to read and enjoy this summer.

Greetings!